宜昌CNC加工是利(li)用(yong)自動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統安裝數(shu)字程(cheng)序流程(cheng)命令，控(kong)制(zhi)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床軸承的自動(dong)啟停、換(huan)向和變(bian)速。可(ke)以挑選數(shu)控(kong)刀片，改變(bian)數(shu)控(kong)刀片的鉆(zhan)削(xue)量(liang)和走動(dong)運動(dong)軌跡(ji)，進行終生加工需(xu)要的各種各樣(yang)輔助姿勢。

宜昌CNC加工可以降低工作量，生產制造出加工方法復雜的零件，只需要改變工藝流程。宜昌CNC加工相對平穩，不會造(zao)成加工誤(wu)差。影響CNC加工的精度的原因(yin)有哪些？

一、CNC加(jia)工機床定位(wei)引起的加(jia)工精度(du)誤差

從零(ling)件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的長期(qi)數據(ju)分析和實(shi)際操(cao)作(zuo)中可(ke)以(yi)看出CNC加(jia)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)床定位引起的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度(du)誤差。機(ji)床的定位對(dui)數控機(ji)床的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度(du)有很大影響。從構(gou)造上看，數控機(ji)床的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)誤差主要是(shi)由精度(du)等級引起的，機(ji)床進給系統是(shi)影響精度(du)等級的關鍵階段(duan)。

數控機床的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)給系(xi)(xi)統一(yi)般由機械傳(chuan)動系(xi)(xi)統和電氣(qi)控制系(xi)(xi)統構(gou)成。在(zai)總體設計中(zhong)，精(jing)度等級與(yu)機械傳(chuan)動系(xi)(xi)統相關。在(zai)閉環控制系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)，數控機床一(yi)般可(ke)以根據定(ding)位檢驗(yan)設備來避免進(jin)給系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)關鍵構(gou)件(jian)(如滾珠絲桿和別的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)件(jian))的(de)(de)(de)位置誤差。對于開環系(xi)(xi)統，因(yin)為影(ying)響因(yin)素多(duo)、條件(jian)復雜，沒法開展定(ding)位檢測，因(yin)而數控機床的(de)(de)(de)加工精(jing)度遭(zao)受很(hen)大影(ying)響。

 二、CNC加工位置誤差對加工精(jing)度的影響

位置(zhi)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)是指被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)具體表(biao)層、中心線或對稱(cheng)(cheng)性臉相對于其(qi)理想(xiang)化位置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)互相位置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)轉變或偏(pian)移(yi)水平(ping)，如平(ping)整度(du)(du)、對稱(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)、對稱(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)等。數控機(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)一(yi)般指過(guo)(guo)流保護(hu)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。造(zao)成位置(zhi)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)緣(yuan)故是機(ji)床零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中傳動(dong)系統(tong)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)空隙(xi)和彈性變形引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)，及其(qi)生(sheng)產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中專用工(gong)(gong)具頭需要擺脫(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)滑動(dong)摩擦力等要素(su)引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)。在(zai)開環(huan)系統(tong)中，位置(zhi)精密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)遭受很大影(ying)響，而在(zai)閉(bi)環(huan)控制(zhi)轉向頭燈系統(tong)中，位置(zhi)精密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)在(zai)于偏(pian)移(yi)檢驗。

三、CNC加工的幾何圖(tu)形(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差引起的加工精度誤(wu)(wu)差

在(zai)數(shu)(shu)控機(ji)床的(de)(de)加工中(zhong)，因為(wei)外(wai)力作(zuo)用、加工中(zhong)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)發熱(re)量等(deng)外(wai)界要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，機(ji)床的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精密度遭受(shou)(shou)影(ying)響，在(zai)機(ji)床上加工的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)會造(zao)成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)。據科(ke)學研究，數(shu)(shu)控機(ji)床幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)關(guan)(guan)鍵有兩個緣故(gu)：內(nei)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)和(he)(he)外(wai)界要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)。引(yin)起機(ji)床幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)是指(zhi)由機(ji)床本身要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)引(yin)起的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)，如機(ji)床工作(zuo)臺(tai)的(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度、機(ji)床導軌的(de)(de)平(ping)整(zheng)度和(he)(he)平(ping)行度、機(ji)床專用工具和(he)(he)工裝夾具的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精密度等(deng)。外(wai)界要(yao)(yao)素(su)(su)關(guan)(guan)鍵指(zhi)生產過(guo)程中(zhong)受(shou)(shou)環境(jing)因素(su)(su)和(he)(he)熱(re)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)影(ying)響而造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)。比如，鉆削全過(guo)程中(zhong)數(shu)(shu)控刀片或零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)熱(re)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)差(cha)會影(ying)響機(ji)床和(he)(he)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)加工精度。