泰州CNC加工是利(li)用(yong)自動控(kong)(kong)制系統(tong)安裝(zhuang)數(shu)字程(cheng)序流程(cheng)命(ming)令(ling)，控(kong)(kong)制數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床軸承(cheng)的自動啟停、換向(xiang)和變速。可以挑選數(shu)控(kong)(kong)刀片，改變數(shu)控(kong)(kong)刀片的鉆削量和走動運動軌跡(ji)，進行終生加(jia)工需要的各種各樣(yang)輔助姿勢。

泰州CNC加工可以降低工作量，生產制造出加工方法復雜的零件，只需要改變工藝流程。泰州CNC加工相對平穩，不會造(zao)成加(jia)工(gong)誤(wu)差。影響CNC加(jia)工(gong)的精度(du)的原因(yin)有哪些？

一(yi)、CNC加工機床(chuang)定位(wei)引起(qi)的加工精(jing)度誤差

從零件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)長期數據分析和實(shi)際操作中可以看出CNC加(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)定位引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度誤差。機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)定位對數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度有很(hen)大影(ying)響。從構造上看，數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)誤差主要(yao)是由精(jing)度等級(ji)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)，機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)進(jin)給系統是影(ying)響精(jing)度等級(ji)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵階段。

數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進給系(xi)(xi)統一般由機(ji)械傳動系(xi)(xi)統和(he)電氣控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統構(gou)成。在(zai)總體設(she)計中(zhong)，精(jing)度(du)等級與(yu)機(ji)械傳動系(xi)(xi)統相(xiang)關。在(zai)閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)一般可以根據(ju)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)檢驗設(she)備(bei)來避免進給系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)關鍵構(gou)件(jian)(如滾珠絲桿(gan)和(he)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)件(jian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)誤差。對于開環系(xi)(xi)統，因為影響(xiang)因素多、條件(jian)復(fu)雜，沒法(fa)開展(zhan)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)檢測(ce)，因而數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)精(jing)度(du)遭受很大影響(xiang)。

 二(er)、CNC加(jia)工(gong)位置誤差對加(jia)工(gong)精(jing)度(du)的影響(xiang)

位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)是指(zhi)被加(jia)工零件的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體表(biao)層、中(zhong)心線(xian)或對稱(cheng)性(xing)臉相對于(yu)其(qi)(qi)理(li)想化(hua)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)互相位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變或偏(pian)移水平，如平整度(du)(du)(du)、對稱(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)、對稱(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)等。數控機床(chuang)加(jia)工中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)一般指(zhi)過(guo)流保護(hu)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)。造(zao)成(cheng)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)緣故是機床(chuang)零件加(jia)工全(quan)過(guo)程中(zhong)傳動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)隙(xi)和彈性(xing)變形(xing)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)，及其(qi)(qi)生產過(guo)程中(zhong)專用工具頭(tou)需要(yao)(yao)擺脫(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑動(dong)摩擦(ca)力等要(yao)(yao)素引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)差(cha)(cha)。在(zai)開環系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)密度(du)(du)(du)遭受很(hen)大影(ying)響(xiang)，而在(zai)閉環控制(zhi)轉(zhuan)向頭(tou)燈系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)密度(du)(du)(du)關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)于(yu)偏(pian)移檢驗。

三、CNC加工(gong)的(de)(de)幾何(he)圖形誤差引起的(de)(de)加工(gong)精度(du)誤差

在數控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，因為外(wai)力作(zuo)(zuo)用、加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)發熱量等外(wai)界(jie)要(yao)(yao)素(su)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密度遭(zao)受(shou)影(ying)響，在機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)會造成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)。據科學研究，數控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)關(guan)鍵(jian)有(you)兩個(ge)緣故：內(nei)部要(yao)(yao)素(su)和(he)外(wai)界(jie)要(yao)(yao)素(su)。引起(qi)(qi)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)的(de)(de)內(nei)部要(yao)(yao)素(su)是指由機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)本(ben)身要(yao)(yao)素(su)引起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)，如機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺的(de)(de)平整度、機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)導軌的(de)(de)平整度和(he)平行度、機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)專用工(gong)(gong)具和(he)工(gong)(gong)裝夾具的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密度等。外(wai)界(jie)要(yao)(yao)素(su)關(guan)鍵(jian)指生產過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)受(shou)環境因素(su)和(he)熱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)影(ying)響而(er)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)。比如，鉆削全過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數控(kong)刀片或零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)熱變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)幾(ji)(ji)何(he)圖形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)會影(ying)響機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和(he)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度。