寧波CNC加工是利(li)用自動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統安裝(zhuang)數(shu)(shu)字程序流(liu)程命(ming)令，控(kong)制(zhi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床軸承的(de)自動(dong)(dong)啟(qi)停、換向和變速。可以挑選數(shu)(shu)控(kong)刀(dao)片，改變數(shu)(shu)控(kong)刀(dao)片的(de)鉆削量和走動(dong)(dong)運動(dong)(dong)軌跡(ji)，進行終生(sheng)加工(gong)需要的(de)各種各樣輔助姿勢。

寧波CNC加工可以降低工作量，生產制造出加工方法復雜的零件，只需要改變工藝流程。寧波CNC加工相(xiang)對平穩，不會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)加工誤差。影響CNC加工的精度的原因有哪些(xie)？

一、CNC加工機床定位(wei)引(yin)起的加工精度誤差

從零件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)長期數(shu)(shu)據(ju)分析和實際操作(zuo)中可以看出CNC加(jia)(jia)工(gong)機(ji)床定位引(yin)起的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度(du)誤差。機(ji)床的(de)(de)定位對數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度(du)有很大影響。從構造上(shang)看，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)床的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)誤差主要是(shi)(shi)由(you)精度(du)等(deng)(deng)級引(yin)起的(de)(de)，機(ji)床進給(gei)系統是(shi)(shi)影響精度(du)等(deng)(deng)級的(de)(de)關鍵階段。

數控機(ji)(ji)床的(de)進(jin)給(gei)(gei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般由(you)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和電氣(qi)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)構(gou)(gou)成。在總體設計(ji)中(zhong)，精度等級與機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)相關。在閉環(huan)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)，數控機(ji)(ji)床一般可以(yi)根(gen)據(ju)定位檢驗設備來(lai)避免進(jin)給(gei)(gei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)關鍵構(gou)(gou)件(如(ru)滾珠絲桿和別(bie)的(de)構(gou)(gou)件)的(de)位置誤差(cha)。對于開環(huan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，因(yin)為影(ying)響因(yin)素(su)多(duo)、條(tiao)件復雜，沒法開展(zhan)定位檢測，因(yin)而數控機(ji)(ji)床的(de)加工精度遭受(shou)很大影(ying)響。

 二(er)、CNC加(jia)工(gong)位(wei)置誤差對加(jia)工(gong)精度的(de)影響

位置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)差是指被加(jia)工零(ling)件(jian)的具(ju)體表層(ceng)、中心線或對(dui)稱性臉(lian)相(xiang)對(dui)于其理想化(hua)位置(zhi)(zhi)的互相(xiang)位置(zhi)(zhi)的轉變或偏移水平，如平整度(du)、對(dui)稱度(du)、對(dui)稱度(du)等。數控機(ji)床加(jia)工中的位置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)差一(yi)般指過流保護誤(wu)差。造(zao)成(cheng)位置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)差的關(guan)鍵緣故是機(ji)床零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)工全(quan)過程中傳動系(xi)統(tong)造(zao)成(cheng)的空隙和彈性變形引起的加(jia)工誤(wu)差，及其生產過程中專用(yong)工具(ju)頭(tou)需要擺脫(tuo)的滑動摩擦力等要素引起的位置(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)差。在(zai)開環系(xi)統(tong)中，位置(zhi)(zhi)精密(mi)度(du)遭受很大影(ying)響，而在(zai)閉環控制轉向頭(tou)燈系(xi)統(tong)中，位置(zhi)(zhi)精密(mi)度(du)關(guan)鍵在(zai)于偏移檢驗。

三、CNC加工(gong)的幾何圖形誤差引起的加工(gong)精度誤差

在(zai)(zai)數(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的加工中(zhong)，因(yin)為外力(li)作用、加工中(zhong)造成(cheng)(cheng)的發熱量(liang)等外界(jie)要(yao)素的影(ying)(ying)響，機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精密度(du)(du)遭受(shou)影(ying)(ying)響，在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)加工的零件的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)。據科學(xue)研究，數(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)關(guan)鍵有(you)兩個緣故：內部要(yao)素和(he)外界(jie)要(yao)素。引(yin)起機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)的內部要(yao)素是指(zhi)由機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)本(ben)身要(yao)素引(yin)起的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)，如機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)工作臺(tai)的平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)導軌的平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)(du)和(he)平(ping)行(xing)度(du)(du)、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)專用工具和(he)工裝(zhuang)夾具的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)精密度(du)(du)等。外界(jie)要(yao)素關(guan)鍵指(zhi)生產過程中(zhong)受(shou)環境因(yin)素和(he)熱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)影(ying)(ying)響而造成(cheng)(cheng)的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)。比如，鉆削全過程中(zhong)數(shu)控刀片或零件的熱變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)造成(cheng)(cheng)的幾(ji)(ji)(ji)何圖(tu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)誤(wu)(wu)差(cha)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和(he)零件的加工精度(du)(du)。